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3. To whom are schools marketing?
If marketing schools centers on a concept of effective communication,
then it is vital to have a clear view of the target
audience. A simplistic view would be to look only at the
immediate recipients of the school's work the parent and
child, especially when one considers the implications of
formula funding and open enrolment. However, this approach
ignores the broader set of stakeholders (both internal and
external) who are, for a variety of reasons, also
significant in marketing terms. It may be helpful at this
point to clarify some of the terminology, which abounds in
the field of marketing when referring to the stakeholders.
Different people use the terms consumer, customer and client
in different ways. While we do not believe that there is a
need to be pedantic about the differences, we will use the
following definitions:
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The consumer. This is the direct recipient of the products and services
of the school. This is usually the pupil, but for the wider
functions of the school such as a curriculum information
session or a staff development activity, the focus shifts to
the parent or member of staff as the consumer.
The customer. This is the person who makes the decision
to buy. This would normally be the parents and child as they
choose a school or a particular set of options within it.
Schools do not exist to provide teachers with jobs; they exist to provide
effective education. It is, therefore, as essential
prerequisite for the effective marketing of schools that
staff should reflect on the nature of the various client
groups. They very broad range of these groups, from industry
and commerce to local charities, needs to be broken down by
the process of market segmentation so that a school can
relate effectively to each group. Traditionally market
segmentation is a way of dividing clients and potential
clients into groups within which there are identical needs.
However, because of the diversity of expectations from the
education service, it is more realistic to consider that the
clients in a segment would have broadly similar, rather than
identical, needs. If this concept of market segmentation is
applied to schools, the grouping shown down:
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